zwillinger



2 SheetsSheet 1.

(No Model.)

A. ZWILLINGER.

APPARATUS FOR GARBONIZING BONES, &o. No. 320.110.

Patented June 16, 1885.

mwmw

(No Model.) A. ZWILLINGER.

APPARATUS FOR GARBONIZING BONES, &c. No. 320,110. Patented. June 16, 1885.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2..

N4 PETERS. Pnuw-Limn m mr. Walhingion, D. E.

ABRAHAM ZIVILLINGER, OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

APPARATUS FOR CARBONIZING BONES, 84.0.

PECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 320,110, dated June 16, 1885.

Application filed October 4, 1884. (N0. model.)

Patented in Germany April 29, 1884, No. 29,888; in France April 29, 1884, No.

158,468; in England April 29, 1884, No. 6,995; in Belgium Apiil 30, 1884, No. 64,998, and in Austria-Hungary September 2, 1884,

To (LZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ABRAHAM ZWILLINGER, a subject of the Emperor of Austria, residing at Vienna, in Austria, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Apparatus for Carbonizing Bones, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent in Austria-Hungary, Nos. 16,326, 40,326, dated September 2, 1884; in Germany, No. 29,888, dated April 29, 1884; in France, No. 158,468, dated April 29, 1884; in Belgium, No. 64,998, dated April 30, 1884, and in England, No. 6,995, dated April 29, 1884,) of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to that class of apparatus designed for carbonizing bones and other carbonaceous materials in the manufacture of gas, production of coke, or bone-block or for revivifying bone-black; and theinvention consists in the construction of the apparatus and arrangement and cooperation of its various parts, substantially as hereinafter fully de scribed.

My invention offers special advantages in the manufacture of bone-black or in the revivification of bone-black, either of which can be effected in a more economic manner than by any of the processes or apparatus now in use and equally as good results obtained. There is a further advantage obtained in that the operation is carried out in a practically inoffensive manner, and that the by-products, especially illuminatinggas, may be collected with facility and without any danger.

Heretofore the carbonization of the material treated has been chiefly effected by the direct action upon such material of the products of combustion from a furnace; but it is known that the carbonization may be successfully carried out by the direct action of superheated steam or steam heated to ahigh temperature, inasmuch as one volume of steam at a temperature of about 932 Fahrenheit contains nearly double the quantity of heat than one equal volume of the products of combustion, and by means of a specially-eonstructed apparatus the products of combustion from the superheating-furnace are utilized.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 illustrates a vertical section of the apparatus h employed for carrying out my invention; Fig. 2, a section of the same on line A B. Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on line E F, Fig. 2, showing the construction of the superheatingfurnace.

At one end of the apparatus is arranged a furnace divided by a wall, 0, of fire-b1ick,into two chambers, D D, each of which is provided with a charging-door, Z), and a grate, B. The rear wall of the furnace is inclined, as at a a, from the grate rearwardly, so as to facilitate the combustion and also maintain the superheating-chamber at a more uniform temperature by a more rapid and uniform dissemination of theheat. adjustment of the door 0 of the ashpit E.

A indicates the overheating-ehamber of the apparatus, transversely of which are arranged a series of pipes, e, for conducting the steam which is to be superheated. These pipes are set within walls f f, between which and the outer walls of the apparatus narrow conduits or flues f f are formed parallel with the chamber A, and communicating therewith by passages f". The pipes e are connected at their ends by elbow-joints d, which project into the flues ff. The furnace-chamber A and the fluesff are not arched, but simply covered by a plate or plates resting upon the walls f f The steam to be superheated is admitted to the pipes 0 through pipe g,connected with any suitable steam-generator, the pipes c at the front end of the apparatus being placed directly over the fire-place, so as to be more thoroughly heated. Instead of arranging the steam-pipes transversely of the apparatus and parallel to each other, as shown, they may be arranged longitudinally thereof and parallel or not, as desired; or one single pipe in the form ofa coil may be used, arranged as nearly as possible over the fire-bed. The steam, after traversing the pipes and being superheated, is conducted by pipe h to a retort, G, or by a branch or branches of said pipe to any desired number of retorts. These retorts G,which are to contain the material to be treated, may be of any suitable construction. I preferably The draft is regulated by the by a screw-cap or cover, z, and the lower or discharging end by alike cap, i. I preferably employ retorts having a capacity of from three hundred to four hundred pounds each of the material to be treated.

Although I have shown these retorts in an upright position, it is evident that they may be arranged in a horizontal position.

Centrally within each retort is arranged a pipe, h, connected with pipe h,said pipe h extending nearly the entire length of the retort, and is provided with a great number of fine perforations to admit the superheated steam into the retort and project it in fine jets upon the material contained therein.

The retorts are inclosed within chambersjj formed by or in the masonry of the apparatus, said chambers communicating with the superheating-chamber A by a passage or flue or flues .7c,at their lower end, and with the chimney or stack by a descending flue, Z, the products of combustion passing from fine Z to the stack through flue Z, Fig. 1.

It will be seen that the products of combustion from the furnace will traverse the chamher A, completely enveloping the pipes e cl, and will then pass through passage into the retort-chambers j j to maintain the same at such a temperature as to prevent loss of heat by radiation and consequent condensation of the steam within the retorts.

The gases and vapors generated by the earbonizing process pass through pipes m from the upper portion of the retorts and through connections m to a condenser, H. From the latter the gases are conducted by pipes n to a refrigerator.

By means of a siphon, 0, which leads from the condenser to the washing-basins, the ammoniacal water is kept at a uniform level in said condenser.

To prevent the steam pipes and retorts from becoming oxidized, I coat the same with any suitable neutral body or compound-preferably with a composition of my invention, which answers the purpose admirably and which is capable of resisting high temperatures without cracking. It is composed of one hundred parts of refractory clay, twenty parts ordinary clay, forty parts of carbonized bone, and two parts cow-hair, prepared as follows: The refractory clay, ordinary clay, and the carbonized bone are finely ground, and then reduced to-a plastic mass by the addition of water with which the cow-hair is thoroughly mixed.

In revivifying bone-black the same may be filled into the retorts in a wet state.

To avoid reflux of the steam in the steam and superheatedsteam conduits due to pressure in the retorts the pressure in the steamgenerator should always exceed by one or two atmospheres the pressure in said retorts.

The masonry of the apparatus should be of such thickness as to avoid as much as possible the loss of heat by radiation.

The described apparatus may be used to ad- Vantage for the manufacture of lighting-gas extracted from pit-coal, and the by-products collected.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination, substantially as set forth, of one or more closed retorts for the material to be treated, a perforated pipe arranged therein and extending nearly the full length of such retort, asteam-generator, a superheater, and connecting-pipes for connecting the retort-pipe with the superheater and the latter with the generator, for the purpose specified.

2. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination, substantially as set forth, of one or more retorts, a liquid seal for sealing said retorts, a perforated pipe arranged in and extending nearly the entire length of said retorts, a steam-generator, a steam superheater, and connecting-pipes for connecting the superheater with the generator and the retort-pipe,

for the purpose set forth.

3. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination, substantially as set forth, of one or more sealed retorts, a perforated pipe arranged in and extending nearly the entire length thereof, and a steam-generat0r,with a superheating-furnace, and a series of connected pipes arranged in the combustion-chamber of the furnace, said pipe having its initial or point of connection with the steam-generator farthest from the source of heat of said furnace and its terminal or point of connection with the retort-pipe nearest to or at the source of heat, for the purpose set forth.

4. I11 an apparatus of the class described, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a steamgenerator and a superheatirig-furnace, of a series of connected pipes in communication with the generator, one or more sealed retorts, a perforated pipe arranged in and extending nearly the entire length of said retort or retorts,and connections for connecting the retort-pipe with the superheatingpipe, said superheatingpipes and retorts being located in the combustioirchamber of the furnace or a continuation thereof, for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my si guatu re in presence of two witnesses.

ABRAHAM ZYVILLINGER. 

